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\u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09b2\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c3\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u098f\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09bf\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b2 (Alexandra Pringle) \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8: \u201cHe is one of the greatest living African writers, and no one has ever taken any notice of him and it\u2019s just killed me.\u201d \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09df\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 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\u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u0995\u09c7\u0989 \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09cc\u09a4\u09c1\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0985\u0995\u09aa\u099f \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09af: \u201cthought it was a prank, I really did.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09c1\u09b2\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u09a7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u0987\u09a1\u09bf\u09b6 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a1\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09df: \u201cThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 was awarded to Abdulrazak Gurnah &#8220;for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents.&#8221; \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09c1\u09b2\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u0995 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09b9 \u0994\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u0985\u09a8\u09ae\u09a8\u09c0\u09df \u09ae\u09a8\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09df \u09ab\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09cb\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c2\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09a8\u09cb\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2 \u0995\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 Anders Olsson \u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09cb\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u099c \u0993\u09df\u09c7\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09a6\u09c1\u09b2\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u0995 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09b9\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09b9\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09ae\u09df \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09df\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u0996\u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09b9\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09ab\u09c1\u099f\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 :<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGurnah\u2019s dedication to truth and his aversion to simplification are striking. This can make him bleak and uncompromising, at the same time as he follows the fates of individuals with great compassion and unbending commitment. His novels recoil from stereotypical descriptions and open our gaze to a culturally diversified East Africa unfamiliar to many in other parts of the world. In Gurnah\u2019s literary universe, everything is shifting \u2013 memories, names, identities. This is probably because his project cannot reach completion in any definitive sense. An unending exploration driven by intellectual passion is present in all his books, and equally prominent now, in Afterlives, as when he began writing as a 21-year-old refugee.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09b2\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u0995 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09b9 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae-\u09ae\u09c7\u09a7\u09be\u09df \u0986\u099c\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0\u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09be\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09df \u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09b6\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u0964 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09c0\u09df \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u09aa 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\u098f\u0995\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09df \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u09a1\u09be\u09ae \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09df \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09b9\u09b0 \u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7: \u201cA kind of miserliness,\u201d is how Abdulrazak Gurnah describes the attitude of some in Europe to refugees. After all, he says, \u201cEuropeans streaming out into the world is nothing new\u201d and he suggests those seeking succour also be seen as \u201ctalented, energetic people, who have something to give.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u099c\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u2014 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09dc\u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u099f, \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u09be\u09a4, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf, \u0994\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995 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